Ukususela ngo-2014, ishishini lezithuthi zombane liye latshisa ngokuthe ngcembe.Phakathi kwabo, ulawulo lwe-thermal yemoto yeemoto zombane ziye zashushu ngokuthe ngcembe.Ngenxa yokuba uluhlu lwezithuthi zombane aluxhomekanga kuphela kubuninzi bamandla ebhetri, kodwa nakwi-teknoloji yolawulo lwe-thermal yesithuthi.Inkqubo yolawulo lwe-thermal yebhetri iye nayoamavanced inkqubo ukusuka ekuqaleni, ukusuka ekungahoyweni ukuya kwingqalelo.
Ke namhlanje, makhe sithethe malunga nokulawulwa kwe-thermal yezithuthi zombane, yintoni abayilawulayo?
Ukufana kunye nomahluko phakathi kokulawulwa kwe-thermal yesithuthi sombane kunye nolawulo lwe-thermal yesithuthi semveli
Le Nqaku ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala kuba emva kokuba ishishini leemoto lingene kwixesha elitsha lamandla, ububanzi, iindlela zokuphunyezwa kunye namacandelo olawulo lwe-thermal lutshintshile kakhulu.
Akukho mfuneko yokuthetha ngakumbi malunga nolwakhiwo lolawulo lwe-thermal yezithuthi zamafutha emveli apha, kwaye abafundi abaqeqeshiweyo baye bacaca kakhulu ukuba ulawulo lwe-thermal lwemveli lubandakanya inkqubo yolawulo lobushushu bomoya kunye nenkqubo engaphantsi yolawulo lwe-thermal ye-powertrain.
I-architecture yolawulo lwe-thermal yezithuthi zombane isekelwe kwi-architecture yolawulo lwe-thermal yezithuthi ze-fuel, kwaye yongeza inkqubo yokulawula i-thermal ye-electronic motor kunye ne-thermal system yolawulo lwe-thermal, ngokungafaniyo neenqwelo ze-fuel, izithuthi zombane zithinteka ngakumbi ekutshintsheni ubushushu, ubushushu bungundoqo. factor ukumisela ukhuseleko yayo, ukusebenza kunye nobomi, ulawulo thermal yindlela eyimfuneko ukuze kugcinwe uluhlu lobushushu efanelekileyo kunye nokufana.Ngoko ke, inkqubo yokulawula i-thermal yebhetri ibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ulawulo lwe-thermal yebhetri (ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu / ukushisa ukushisa / ukushisa ukushisa) kuhambelana ngqo nokhuseleko lwebhetri kunye nokuhambelana kwamandla emva kokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide.
Ngoko, ngokweenkcukacha, kukho ubukhulu becala lo mahluko ulandelayo.
Imithombo yobushushu eyahlukeneyo ye-air conditioning
Inkqubo yokupholisa umoya yelori yamafutha emveli yenziwa ikakhulu yicompressor, condenser, ivalve yokwandisa, i-evaporator, ipayipi kunye nezinye.amacandelo.
Xa ukupholisa, i-refrigerant (ifriji) yenziwa yi-compressor, kwaye ukushisa kwimoto kususwa ukunciphisa ubushushu, obungumgaqo wefriji.Ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi we-compressor kufuneka uqhutywe yi-injini, inkqubo yefriji iya kwandisa umthwalo we-injini, kwaye seso sizathu sokuba sithi i-air conditioning yehlobo ixabisa ioli eninzi.
Okwangoku, phantse zonke iimoto zokufudumeza isithuthi kukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphuma kwisipholileyo se-injini - ubushushu obukhulu benkunkuma obuveliswa yi-injini bunokusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza isimo somoya.Isisipholisi sihamba kwisifudumezi sobushushu (esikwabizwa ngokuba yitanki yamanzi) kwinkqubo yomoya ofudumeleyo, kwaye umoya othuthwa sisivuthela bubushushu obutshintshiswayo kunye nesipholisi se-injini, kwaye umoya uyafudunyezwa emva koko uthunyelwe emotweni.
Nangona kunjalo, kwindawo ebandayo, injini kufuneka iqhube ixesha elide ukuphakamisa ubushushu bamanzi kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo, kwaye umsebenzisi kufuneka anyamezele ukubanda ixesha elide emotweni.
Ukufudumeza kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kwizifudumezi zombane, izifudumezi zombane zinezifudumezi zomoya kunye nezifudumezi zamanzi.Umgaqo wokushisa umoya ufana nesomisi seenwele, esitshisa ngokuthe ngqo umoya ojikelezayo ngephepha lokufudumala, ngaloo ndlela unikezela umoya oshushu kwimoto.Inzuzo ye-heater yomoya kukuba ixesha lokufudumeza likhawuleza, umlinganiselo wokusebenza kwamandla uphezulu kancinci, kwaye ubushushu bokufudumala buphezulu.Ukungalungi kukuba umoya wokufudumeza womile ngokukodwa, ozisa imvakalelo yokoma kumzimba womntu.Umgaqo wesifudumezi-manzi uyafana nowokufudumeza kwamanzi ombane, ofudumeza isifudumezi ngeshiti lokufudumeza, kunye nesipholisi esinobushushu obuphezulu sityhutyha kumbindi womoya ofudumeleyo size sifudumeze umoya ojikelezayo ukuze kuphunyezwe ukufudumeza kwangaphakathi.Ixesha lokufudumeza lesifudumezi samanzi lide kancinane kunelo lobushushu bomoya, kodwa likwakhawuleza kakhulu kunelo lemoto yamafutha, kwaye umbhobho wamanzi unokulahleka kobushushu kwindawo yobushushu obuphantsi, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kuphantsi kancinci. .I-Xiaopeng G3 isebenzisa isifudumezi samanzi esikhankanywe ngasentla.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukufudumala komoya okanye ukufudumeza kwamanzi, izithuthi zombane, iibhetri zamandla ziyadingeka ukubonelela ngombane, kwaye uninzi lombane lusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza umoya kwindawo yokushisa ephantsi.Oku kubangela ukunciphisa uluhlu lokuqhuba kwezithuthi zombane kwiindawo zokushisa eziphantsi.
Thelekisaed kunye ingxaki yesantya esicothayo sokufudumala kwezithuthi zamafutha kwiindawo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa, ukusetyenziswa kokufudumeza kombane kwizithuthi zombane kunokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokufudumala.
Ulawulo lobushushu beebhetri zamandla
Xa kuthelekiswa nolawulo lwe-injini ye-thermal yezithuthi zamafutha, iimfuno zolawulo lwe-thermal yenkqubo yamandla esithuthi sombane zingqongqo.
Ngenxa yokuba ubushushu obusebenzayo bebhetri buncinci kakhulu, ubushushu bebhetri bufuneka ngokubanzi ukuba bube phakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-40.° C. Nangona kunjalo, iqondo lobushushu eliqhelekileyo elisetyenziswa zizithuthi ngu -30~40° C, kunye neemeko zokuqhuba zabasebenzisi bokwenene zinzima.Ulawulo lolawulo lwe-thermal ludinga ukuchonga ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokumisela iimeko zokuqhuba izithuthi kunye nemeko yeebhetri, kwaye uqhube ulawulo oluphezulu lweqondo lokushisa, kwaye uzame ukufezekisa ukulingana phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukusebenza kwemoto, ukusebenza kwebhetri kunye nokuthuthuzela.
Ukuze unciphise unxunguphalo loluhlu, umthamo webhetri yemoto yombane uya usiba mkhulu kwaye ukhudlwana, kwaye uxinano lwamandla luya phezulu kwaye phezulu;Kwangaxeshanye, kuyafuneka ukusombulula ukuchasana kwexesha elide lokulinda ukutshaja kubasebenzisi, kwaye kwabakho ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kunye nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.
Ngokubhekiselele kulawulo lwe-thermal, ukutshaja okukhawulezayo kwangoku kuzisa ukuveliswa kobushushu obukhulu kunye nokusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla ebhetri.Nje ukuba iqondo lobushushu bebhetri liphezulu kakhulu ngexesha lokutshaja, lisenokungabangeli imingcipheko yokhuseleko kuphela, kodwa lisenokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinjengokucutheka kokusebenza kwebhetri kunye nokukhawuleza ukubola kobomi bebhetri.Uyilo lwenkqubo yolawulo lwe-thermal luvavanyo olunzima.
Ulawulo lwe-thermal yesithuthi sombane
Ulungelelaniso lokuthuthuzela kwikhabhinethi yabahlali
Indawo ye-thermal yangaphakathi yesithuthi ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo induduzo yomhlali.Ukudibanisa kunye nomzekelo wengqondo womzimba womntu, ukufundwa kokuhamba kunye nokutshintshwa kobushushu kwi-cab yindlela ebalulekileyo yokuphucula induduzo yesithuthi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwesithuthi.Ukususela kuyilo lwesakhiwo somzimba, ukusuka kwi-air conditioning outlet, iglasi yesithuthi esichatshazelwa yimisebe yelanga kunye noyilo lomzimba wonke, kudibaniswa nenkqubo ye-air conditioning, impembelelo kwinduduzo yomhlali iqwalaselwa.
Xa uqhuba isithuthi, abasebenzisi akufanele bafumane kuphela imvakalelo yokuqhuba eziswa ngamandla anamandla esithuthi, kodwa kunye nokuthuthuzela kwendawo ye-cabin yinxalenye ebalulekileyo.
Ulawulo lohlengahlengiso lobushushu bebhetri yamandla
Ibhetri ekusetyenzisweni kwenkqubo iya kuhlangabezana neengxaki ezininzi, ngakumbi kubushushu bebhetri, ibhetri ye-lithium kwindawo yokushisa ephantsi kakhulu, ukuthotywa kwamandla kunzulu, kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu bunomngcipheko wokhuseleko, ukusetyenziswa kweebhetri ngokugqithisileyo. iimeko zinokubangela ukwenzakala kwibhetri, ngaloo ndlela kucuthwe ukusebenza kwebhetri kunye nobomi.
Eyona njongo iphambili yolawulo lwe-thermal kukwenza ipakethe yebhetri ihlale isebenza ngaphakathi komgangatho ofanelekileyo wobushushu ukugcina eyona meko ilungileyo yokusebenza yebhetri.Inkqubo yokulawula i-thermal yebhetri iquka imisebenzi emithathu: ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, ukushisa kwangaphambili kunye nokulinganisa ukushisa.Ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kunye nokushisa kwangaphambili kulungelelaniswa ngokukodwa kwimpembelelo enokwenzeka yobushushu bendawo yangaphandle kwibhetri.Ukulinganisa ubushushu kusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa umahluko wobushushu ngaphakathi kwipakethi yebhetri kwaye kuthintelwe ukubola okukhawulezileyo okubangelwa kubushushu obugqithisileyo bendawo ethile yebhetri.
Iinkqubo zolawulo lwe-thermal yebhetri ezisetyenziswa kwiimoto zombane ngoku ezithengiswayo zihlulwe ikakhulu ngamacandelo amabini: i-air-cooled kunye ne-liquid-cooled.
Umgaqo wenkqubo yokulawula i-thermal epholileyo yomoya ifana nomgaqo wokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu bekhompyutheni, i-fan yokupholisa ifakwe kwelinye icandelo lepakethi yebhetri, kwaye enye isiphelo ine-vent, ekhawulezisa ukuhamba komoya phakathi iibhetri ngomsebenzi wefeni, ukuze kususwe ubushushu obukhutshwa yibhetri xa isebenza.
Ukuyibeka ngokuthe ngqo, ukupholisa umoya kukongeza ifeni ecaleni kwepakethi yebhetri, kwaye upholise ipakethe yebhetri ngokuvuthela i-fan, kodwa umoya ovuthuzayo yifeni uya kuchatshazelwa zizinto zangaphandle, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokupholisa umoya. iya kuncitshiswa xa ubushushu bangaphandle buphezulu.Kanye njengokuvuthela ifeni akukwenzi uphole ngemini eshushu.Inzuzo yokupholisa umoya yisakhiwo esilula kunye neendleko eziphantsi.
Ukupholisa ulwelo kususa ubushushu obuvezwe yibhetri ngexesha lomsebenzi ngesipholisa kumbhobho wokupholisa ongaphakathi kwipakethi yebhetri ukufikelela kwisiphumo sokunciphisa ubushushu bebhetri.Ukusuka kweyona siphumo sokusetyenziswa, i-liquid medium ine-coefficient yokudlulisa ubushushu obuphezulu, umthamo omkhulu wobushushu, kunye nesantya sokupholisa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-Xiaopeng G3 isebenzisa inkqubo yokupholisa engamanzi ngokusebenza okuphezulu kokupholisa.
Ngamagama alula, umgaqo wokupholisa ulwelo kukulungiselela umbhobho wamanzi kwipakethi yebhetri.Xa ubushushu bebhetri buphezulu kakhulu, amanzi abandayo athululelwa kumbhobho wamanzi, kwaye ubushushu buthathwa ngamanzi abandayo ukuze buphole.Ukuba iqondo lobushushu bebhetri lisezantsi kakhulu, kufuneka lifudunyezwe.
Xa isithuthi siqhutywe ngamandla okanye sihlawuliswe ngokukhawuleza, ubushushu obuninzi buyenziwa ngexesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhutshwa kwebhetri.Xa iqondo lobushushu bebhetri liphezulu kakhulu, vula icompressor, kwaye isibandisi esinobushushu obuphantsi sityhutyhe kwisibandisi esikumbhobho wokupholisa wesixhobo sokutshintsha ubushushu bebhetri.Isipholisi esinobushushu obuphantsi singena kwipakethi yebhetri ukususa ubushushu, ukuze ibhetri ikwazi ukugcina olona luhlu lobushushu, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu ukhuseleko nokuthembeka kwebhetri ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwemoto kwaye lifinyeze ixesha lokutshaja.
Ebusika obubanda kakhulu, ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi, umsebenzi weebhetri ze-lithium uyancipha, ukusebenza kwebhetri kuncitshiswe kakhulu, kwaye ibhetri ayinakukhupha amandla aphezulu okanye ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza.Ngeli xesha, vula isifudumezi samanzi ukufudumeza isisipholisi kwisekethi yebhetri, kwaye iqondo lokupholisa eliphakamileyo lifudumeza ibhetri.Iqinisekisa ukuba isithuthi sinokuba nako ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza kunye noluhlu olude lokuqhuba kwindawo yobushushu obuphantsi.
Ulawulo lombane lombane kunye neendawo eziphezulu zombane ezipholisa ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu
Izithuthi zamandla amatsha zifumene imisebenzi ebanzi yokufakelwa kombane, kwaye inkqubo yamandla epetroli iye yatshintshwa yaba yinkqubo yamandla ombane.Ibhetri yamandla ikhupha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-370V DC yombane ukunika amandla, ukupholisa kunye nokufudumeza isithuthi, kunye nokubonelela ngamandla kumacandelo ombane ahlukeneyo emotweni.Ngethuba lokuqhuba isithuthi, amacandelo ombane anamandla aphezulu (njengama-motor, i-DCDC, abalawuli beemoto, njl.) baya kuvelisa ubushushu obuninzi.Ubushushu obuphezulu bezixhobo zombane bunokubangela ukusilela kwesithuthi, ukucuthwa kombane kunye neengozi zokhuseleko.Ulawulo lwe-thermal yemoto kufuneka luchithe ubushushu obuveliswayo ngexesha lokuqinisekisa ukuba amacandelo ombane anamandla aphezulu esithuthi akwindawo yokushisa ekhuselekileyo yokusebenza.
Inkqubo yolawulo yombane ye-G3 ithatha ulwelo lokupholisa ubushushu kulawulo lobushushu.Isisipholisi esikwinkqubo yombhobho wokuqhuba impompo ye-elektroniki sihamba ngemoto kunye nezinye izixhobo zokufudumeza ukuthwala ubushushu bamalungu ombane, emva koko sityhutyhe kwiradiyetha kwindawo engaphambili yokungenisa isithuthi, kwaye ifeni yombane ilayitiwe pholisa isisipholisi sobushushu obuphezulu.
Ezinye iingcamango malunga nophuhliso lwexesha elizayo loshishino lolawulo lwe-thermal
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi:
Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amakhulu okubangelwa yi-air conditioning, umoya wempompo yokufudumala ufumene ngokuthe ngcembe ingqalelo ephezulu.Nangona inkqubo yempompo yobushushu ngokubanzi (esebenzisa i-R134a njengesikhenkcisi) inemida ethile kwimo engqongileyo esetyenziswayo, njengobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe -10).° C) ayikwazi ukusebenza, ifriji kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu ayifani nesiqhelo somoya wesithuthi sombane.Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezininzi zaseTshayina, ixesha lentwasahlobo kunye nekwindla (ubushushu obuphakathi) kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla omoya womoya, kwaye umlinganiselo wokwanelisa amandla uphindwe kabini ukuya kwe-3 kunezifudumezi zombane.
Ingxolo ephantsi:
Emva kokuba isithuthi sombane singenawo umthombo wengxolo we-injini, ingxolo eyenziwa ngokusebenza kwe-compressor kunye ne-front-end fan ye-elektroniki xa i-air conditioner ivuliwe kwifriji kulula ukukhalazwa ngabasebenzisi.Iimveliso zefeni ze-elektroniki ezisebenzayo kunye nezolileyo kunye neecompressor ezinkulu zokufuduswa zinceda ukunciphisa ingxolo ebangelwa kukusebenza ngelixa isonyusa umthamo wokupholisa.
Ixabiso eliphantsi:
Iindlela zokupholisa kunye nokufudumeza kwenkqubo yolawulo lwe-thermal ikakhulu zisebenzisa inkqubo yokupholisa ulwelo, kwaye imfuno yobushushu yokufudumeza kwebhetri kunye nokufudumeza umoya kwindawo yobushushu obuphantsi bukhulu kakhulu.Isisombululo sangoku kukunyusa i-heater yombane ukwandisa ukuveliswa kobushushu, okuzisa iindleko eziphezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu.Ukuba kukho impumelelo kwitekhnoloji yebhetri ukusombulula okanye ukunciphisa iimfuno zobushushu oburhabaxa beebhetri, kuya kuzisa ukulungiswa okukhulu kuyilo kunye neendleko zeenkqubo zolawulo lobushushu.Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kokushisa kwenkunkuma eyenziwa yimoto ngexesha lokuqhuba isithuthi kuya kunceda ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwenkqubo yokulawula i-thermal.Ukuguqulelwa ngasemva kukuncitshiswa komthamo webhetri, ukuphuculwa koluhlu lokuqhuba, kunye nokwehliswa kweendleko zesithuthi.
Bukrelekrele:
Iqondo eliphezulu lokufakelwa kombane yindlela yokuphuhlisa izithuthi zombane, kwaye ii-air conditioners zemveli zikhawulelwe kuphela kwifriji kunye nemisebenzi yokufudumeza ukuphuhlisa ubukrelekrele.I-air conditioning ingaphuculwa ngakumbi kwinkxaso yedatha enkulu esekelwe kwimikhwa yemoto yomsebenzisi, njengemoto yosapho, ubushushu bomoya womoya bunokulungelelaniswa ngobukrelekrele kubantu abahlukeneyo emva kokuba bengene emotweni.Vula i-air conditioning ngaphambi kokuba uphume ukuze ubushushu bemoto bufikelele kubushushu obukhululekile.Isixhobo somoya sombane esikrelekrele sinokulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo isalathiso somoya ngokwenani labantu abasemotweni, indawo kunye nobukhulu bomzimba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-20-2023